The Birch 2025

The 2024-2025 academic year marked a period of unprecedented growth for The Birch. In the past year alone we have received nearly seven times more submissions than during the 2023-2024 academic year, and we have accordingly increased our volume of publications. The launch of our online journal Slova has also allowed us to spotlight more remarkable undergraduate work and increase the accessibility of our publications. We are greatly indebted to all those who submitted to our journal and encouraged by the expanding interest in our project. Our editors fielded work from students representing almost 40 different universities from four continents and demonstrating a wide diversity in thought, discipline, and regional interest. War, democratic backsliding, political turmoil, disinformation, and other crises which have plagued Eastern Europe over the past years have no doubt prompted this widespread interest in our project.

The Birch has become an increasingly critical platform for inquiry and debate as scholars search for ways to respond to ongoing instability and turmoil. Our staff, who have worked tirelessly to produce this journal, deserve endless thanks. Their expertise, initiative, and dedication continue to define the success of The Birch’s mission. We are additionally grateful for the extensive work of our writers and the continuous support of our readers. We hope you enjoy this 2025 edition of The Birch!

Karel Ruiz and Shiori Horton

Editors-in-Chief of The Birch Journal

Contents

Revolution from the Bandstand

Thomas Lyons, Wesleyan University

Area of Effect: Memory & Myth of Chernobyl in Video Games

Sharon Sun, Cornell University

Remembering Babyn Yar: Collective Memory in the Face of Repression and Denial

Aitan Avgar, Cornell University

The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists: Ukraine’s Dark Past

Saba Shukvani, New York University

Culture and History

Protracted Aggression in Nagorno-Karabakh: From War Crimes in 2020 to Ethnic Cleansing

Georgie Hallbach, University of California, Berkeley

Fueling Identity: Commodifying Natural Resources in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict

Ivana Prokopenko, University of California, Los Angeles

Women in Government in Central Asia: Successes and Limitation of Gender Quotas

Eleanor Pugh, Michigan State University

Language as Power: Hungarian Language Policy and Education in Romania

Sophia Gill, University of Pittsburgh

Strategic Power-Sharing and Compromises: Political Lessons from Poland’s 1989 Transition

Gabrielle Taichman, University of Michigan

Reading Bygone Time in Lermontov’s “Нет, не тебя так пылко я люблю”

Ava Young-Stoner, Columbia University

On Animals On Men

Nini Sikharulidze, Harvard University

Why I Don’t Know the Word for Uncle: The Life and Death of the Croatian Diaspora in Western Montana

Will Carraway, Emory University

Arts & Creative Writing

Politics

Photography

Výstaviště

Samantha Batson, McGill University

Kyrgyzstan

Ava Young-Stoner, Columbia University

Rita, Vadik and Ozzie and I

Maya Schkolnik, Columbia University