The Birch 2025
The 2024-2025 academic year marked a period of unprecedented growth for The Birch. In the past year alone we have received nearly seven times more submissions than during the 2023-2024 academic year, and we have accordingly increased our volume of publications. The launch of our online journal Slova has also allowed us to spotlight more remarkable undergraduate work and increase the accessibility of our publications. We are greatly indebted to all those who submitted to our journal and encouraged by the expanding interest in our project. Our editors fielded work from students representing almost 40 different universities from four continents and demonstrating a wide diversity in thought, discipline, and regional interest. War, democratic backsliding, political turmoil, disinformation, and other crises which have plagued Eastern Europe over the past years have no doubt prompted this widespread interest in our project.
The Birch has become an increasingly critical platform for inquiry and debate as scholars search for ways to respond to ongoing instability and turmoil. Our staff, who have worked tirelessly to produce this journal, deserve endless thanks. Their expertise, initiative, and dedication continue to define the success of The Birch’s mission. We are additionally grateful for the extensive work of our writers and the continuous support of our readers. We hope you enjoy this 2025 edition of The Birch!
Karel Ruiz and Shiori Horton
Editors-in-Chief of The Birch Journal
Contents
Revolution from the Bandstand
Thomas Lyons, Wesleyan University
Area of Effect: Memory & Myth of Chernobyl in Video Games
Sharon Sun, Cornell University
Remembering Babyn Yar: Collective Memory in the Face of Repression and Denial
Aitan Avgar, Cornell University
The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists: Ukraine’s Dark Past
Saba Shukvani, New York University
Culture and History
Protracted Aggression in Nagorno-Karabakh: From War Crimes in 2020 to Ethnic Cleansing
Georgie Hallbach, University of California, Berkeley
Fueling Identity: Commodifying Natural Resources in the Russo-Ukrainian Conflict
Ivana Prokopenko, University of California, Los Angeles
Women in Government in Central Asia: Successes and Limitation of Gender Quotas
Eleanor Pugh, Michigan State University
Language as Power: Hungarian Language Policy and Education in Romania
Sophia Gill, University of Pittsburgh
Strategic Power-Sharing and Compromises: Political Lessons from Poland’s 1989 Transition
Gabrielle Taichman, University of Michigan
Reading Bygone Time in Lermontov’s “Нет, не тебя так пылко я люблю”
Ava Young-Stoner, Columbia University
On Animals On Men
Nini Sikharulidze, Harvard University
Why I Don’t Know the Word for Uncle: The Life and Death of the Croatian Diaspora in Western Montana
Will Carraway, Emory University
Arts & Creative Writing
Politics
Photography
Výstaviště
Samantha Batson, McGill University
Kyrgyzstan
Ava Young-Stoner, Columbia University
Rita, Vadik and Ozzie and I
Maya Schkolnik, Columbia University